It’s almost never enough to just approve a timesheet based on the total hours in it. If you are in any kind of project or activity-based scenario, you will still need to approve the total time for the timesheet, but you will also want to do approvals for the projects.

We encountered this problem way back in 1983 as we wrote our first timesheet. There were two groups sponsoring the initiative. One was Finance. They needed total hours to be able to properly pay people and both Finance and HR needed to know when people were not working and why, again to determine the payroll properly as well as determine what entitlements like vacation and sick-leave have been taken by each employee. But that was what only the one group needed. Also sitting at the table was the Project Management department. They had a burning need to track not just how much time was being spent each week. They needed to know exactly what it was being spent on. They already had project plans, what they didn’t have was project actuals. They were being asked by management to describe budget vs. actual progress on each project and they simply didn’t have the data.

Easy, right?

It wasn’t actually. It took numerous design sessions where one side of the table or the other was unhappy before we finally realized the crux of the challenge was that we would need both approvals for the whole timesheet totals and separate approvals line by line.

Ten years later we carried that philosophy into the first commercial release of TimeControl with both organizational approvals and project manager approvals. We also created a whole process to support those functions and called it the Matrix Approval Process for Labor Actuals™. Which is still a core element of TimeControl today. In that process, supervisors approve the whole timesheet and look at attendance and things like personal time off and sick leave. Project Managers get to approve or reject each project task when that task came from a project management system such as Microsoft Project or Primavera.

It was a big success.

As TimeControl matured we were faced with several new challenges. It wasn’t enough to do approvals of each line just for the project managers. Plus, not everyone was using a commercial project management system around which we’d designed the first pass of the Project Manager Validation function. Now we were asked could we also make independent line approvals for billable items, for contractor time vs. salary staff, for time to be exported into HR with approvals of entitlements.

That resulted in the Line Item Approval function. It works just like the Project Manager Validations but is based on an export interface. Let’s say your TimeControl environment has an export for Contractors. The idea is that individual contractors can review and approve the time their people spent on the project on a line-by-line basis. Then, once they get around to invoicing their client, both sides have already approved the time. Think that might not be a big deal? We’ve watched several clients do this and reduce the approval time of contractor invoices from between 90 and 120 days all the way down to 3-5 days. The impact on both the contractor and the client can be profound.

Line Item Approval basically lets us create an unlimited number of task-by-task approval processes all from the same timesheet line. We don’t delete that line (we never do in TimeControl anyway to ensure auditability) but the timesheet can get auditable adjustments if needed or the lines that are deemed unacceptable for that process can simply be put aside during the actual transfer of data for that purpose. Let’s say you’ve created a Line Item Approval for billing and a Billing Manager reviews all the lines that are about to get transferred into the billing system and made into a summary and then an invoice. By rejecting certain lines, perhaps for unbillable work, the Billing Manager effectively removes those hours from the billing transfer and thus the client’s invoice. The hours don’t evaporate from TimeControl, but they won’t ever be transferred to the invoicing system.

We can’t really make a graphic of this process because it’s three-dimensional. But, imagine the matrix grid and then imagine it has a third dimension with as many layers as you need approval processes. Often it’s just another one or two or three. But the effects on the company can be massive.

Think we’re done? Think again.

In the next version of TimeControl we’ll be introducing enhancements to the Line Item Approval (internally we call it LIA) Process and have even gone back to the original Project Manager Validation function to align the functionality of both features. Line Item Approval is already one of the most popular aspects of TimeControl and its flexibility ensures it can adapt to almost every approval requirement.

Auditability, Accountability and Flexibility. It’s a powerful combination.

Find out more about Approvals on the TimeControl.com website at: TimeControl.com/use-cases/matrix-approvals.